2 Easy Examples of the Law of Conservation of Mass

2 Easy Examples of the Law of Conservation of Mass SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Chemistry is an important subject that you’ll definitely need to know if you’re planning to pursue a chemistry or other science major in college. One thing you should be familiar with is the law of conservation of mass.What is it? And how is it used in chemistry? Keep reading to learn what the law of conservation of mass is and how it came to be. We will also give you some law of conservation of mass examples to help you understand the concept better. What Is the Law of Conservation of Mass? First off, exactly what is the law of conservation of mass? This law states that in a closed system, matter can neither be created nor destroyed- it can only change form. Put differently, the amount, or mass, of matter in an isolated system will always be constant regardless of any chemical reactions or physical changes that take place. (Note that an isolated or closed system is one that does not interact with its environment.) This law is important in chemistry, particularly when combining different materials and testing the reactions between them. In chemistry, the law of conservation of mass states thatthe mass of the products (the chemical substances created by a chemical reaction) will always equal the mass of the reactants (the substances that make the chemical reaction). Think of it as being similar to balancing an algebraic equation. Both sides around an equal sign might look different (for example, 6a + 2b = 20), but they still represent the same total quantity. This is similar to how the mass must be constant for all matter in a closed system- even if that matter changes form! But how does the law of conservation of mass work? When a substance undergoes a chemical reaction, you might assume that some or even all of the matter present is disappearing, but, in actuality, it's simply changing form. Think about when a liquid turns into a gas. You might think that the matter (in this case, the liquid) has simply vanished. But if you were to actually measure the gas, you'd find that the initial mass of the liquid hasn’t actually changed.What this means is that the substance, which is now a gas, still has the same mass it had when it was a liquid (yes- gas has mass, too!). What Is the History Behind the Law of Conservation of Mass? Though many people, including the ancient Greeks, laid the scientific groundwork necessary for the discovery of the law of conservation of mass, it is French chemist Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) who is most often credited as its discoverer. This is also why the law is occasionally called Lavoisier’slaw. Lavoisier lookin' proud of his discovery. In the late 1700s, Lavoisier proved through experimentation that the total mass does not change in a chemical reaction, leading him to declare thatmatter is always conserved in a chemical reaction. Lavoisier’s experiments marked the first time someone clearly tested this idea of the conservation of matter by measuring the masses of materials both before and after they underwent a chemical reaction. Ultimately, the discovery of the law of conservation of mass was immensely significant to the field of chemistry because it proved that matter wasn’t simply disappearing (as it appeared to be) but was rather changing form into another substance of equal mass. What Are Some Law of Conservation of Mass Examples? Law of conservation of mass examples are useful for visualizing and understanding this crucial scientific concept. Here are two examples to help illustrate how this law works. Example 1: The Bonfire/Campfire One common example you’ll come across is the image of a bonfire or campfire. Picture this: you’ve gathered some sticks with friends and lit them with a match. After a couple of toasted marshmallows and campfire songs, you realize that the bonfire, or campfire, you've built has completely burned down. All you’re left with is a small pile of ashes and some smoke. Your initial instinct might be to assume that some of the campfire's original mass from the sticks has somehow vanished. But it actually hasn’t- it’s simply transformed! In this scenario, as the sticks burned, they combined with oxygen in the air to turn into not just ash but also carbon dioxide and water vapor. As a result, If we measured the total mass of the wooden sticks and the oxygen before setting the sticks on fire, we'd discover that this mass is equal to the mass of the ashes, carbon dioxide, and water vapor combined. Example 2: The Burning Candle A similar law of conservation of mass example is the image of a burning candle. For this example, picture a regular candle, with wax and a wick. Once the candle completely burns down, though, you can see that there is definitely far less wax than there was before you lit it. This means that some of the wax (not all of it, as you’ve likely noticed with candles you’ve lit in real life!) has been transformed into gases- namely,water vapor and carbon dioxide. As the previous example with the bonfire has shown, no matter (and therefore no mass) is lost through the process of burning. Recap: What Is the Law of Conservation of Mass? The law of conservation of mass is a scientific law popularized and systematized by the 18th-century French chemist Antoine Lavoisier. According to the law,in an isolated system, matter cannot be created or destroyed- only changed.This means that the total mass of all substances before a chemical reaction will equal the total mass of all substances after a chemical reaction. Simply put, matter (and thus mass) is always conserved, even if a substance changes chemical or physical form. Knowing this scientific law is important for the study of chemistry, so if you plan to get into this field, you'll definitely want to understand what the law of conservation of mass is all about! What’s Next? Are there other science topics you want to review? Then you're in luck! Our guides will teach you loads of useful topics, fromhow to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, to what the density of water is, to how to balance chemical equations. Need help identifying stylistic techniques in a book you're reading for English class? Let our comprehensive list of the most important literary deviceslend you a hand!

Henry Fayol Theory of Management Essay Essay Example

Henry Fayol Theory of Management Essay Essay Example Henry Fayol Theory of Management Essay Essay Henry Fayol Theory of Management Essay Essay DEFINITION OF PUBLIC SPHERE THEORYIn rhetoric. the topographic points were citizens exchange thoughts. information. attitude and sentiments.The construct of Habermas populace sphere is a metaphorical term used to depict the practical infinite where people can interact through the universe broad web. for case is non really a web. internet is non a infinite. and so with the populace sphere. It’s the practical infinite where the citizens of a state exchange thoughts and discourse issues in order to make understanding about ‘matters of general interest’ ( Jurgen. Habermas 1997:105 ) History OF JURGEN HABERMAS Jurgen Habermas was born in Dusseldorf. Garmany in 1929. he had served in the Hilter young person and had been sent to them. The western forepart during the concluding months of the war. Habermas entryway onto the rational scence began in 1950s with an influential review of Martin Heideggers doctrine. He studied doctrine at universities of Gottingen and Bonn. which he followed with surveies in doctrine and sociology at the institute of societal research under Maz Horkheimer and Theoder Adono. In the sixtiess and 70s he mark at the university of Heidelberg and Frankfurt am chief. He so accepted a directorship at the Max Pianck establishment in stamberg in 1971. In 1980 he won prize and two old ages subsequently he took a chair at the university of Frankfurt. staying at that place until his retirement in 1994. Habermas on the populace sphere. he means foremost at al a dominant of our societal life in which something coming out in which public sentiment can be formed. The right is guaranteed to all citizen. A place of the populace sphere comes in being in every conversation in which private persons assemble to organize a public organic structure. Citizens behave as a public organic structure when they confer in an unrestricted manner †¦ i. e. with the warrant of freedom of assembly and association and the freedom to show and print their opinions†¦ about affairs of general involvement. The modern-day populaces sphere is characterized harmonizing to Habermas. By the weathering of its critical functions and capacities. In the past promotion was used to capable people or the present political determinations to the populace. Today the populace sphere is recruited for the usage of concealed policies by involvement groups. For Habermas. the rules of the populace sphere are weakening in the twentieth century. The populace is no longer made out of multitudes of persons but of organized people that institutionally exercising their influence on the populace sphere and argument. Habermas introduces the constructs of â€Å"communicative power† as the cardinal normative resources for countering the norn-free steering media of money and administrative power. Associating ‘communication’ with ‘power’ already suggests a mix of the normative resources of communicative action with the impersonal force of power. Is such a conceptual mix stable? As the beginning for democratic legitimation of the usage of province power. communicative power is a cardinal impression in Habermas’s democratic theory. Although. in the medium of in restricted communication†¦ new job state of affairs can be perceived more sensitively. discourses aimed at accomplishing self-understanding can be conducted more widely and expressively. corporate individualities and need readings can be articulated with fewer irresistible impulses so is the instance in procedurally regulated populace sphere. HOW HABERMAS ANALYSIS PUBLIC COMMUNICATION Habermas analysis public communicating in mediaeval times at that place existed no separation or differentiation between private and public sphere. dure to the category pyramid of the feudal system. This system for Habermas positioned greater power at every degree and to this twenty-four hours conventions sing the swayer persisted. with political authorization retained by the highest degree. Rulers saw the province and non as representatives of the province – intending that they represent their power to the people and non for the people. Harmonizing to Habermas. by the late eighteenth century feudal establishments were eventually vanishing along with church’s regulation. doing manner to public power which was given liberty. Rulers become public entities and professionalism bore the first marks of the businessperson which become independent in relation to the authorities. Representational promotion was pushed over by a public force that formed around national and territorial sentiment and single fighting with public power found themselves outside its corporate power. The term â€Å"public† did non mention to the representation of a adult male with authorization. but instead became the legitimate power of exerting power. The populace sphere. harmonizing to Habermas. was the concluding phase of these developments. HOW IMPORTANT HARBERMAS THEORYSolutions can be raised and tested for possible expostulations without the force per unit area to set ‘opinion’ instantly in pattern. Uncoupling communicated sentiments from concrete practical duties tends to hold an intellectualizing consequence. Furthermore. a great trade of political communicating that does non instantly name for political action is surely important to the political discourse a robust. democratic society. Free domain plays an indispensable function in the political procedure as a concerted hunt for truth. We should non be misled into believing that the populace sphere amounts to nil more than a public sphere in which people talk about political relations. Nor does the populace sphere have simply instrumental value for conveying ‘relevant information’ into political procedure. The populace sphere is a normative construct that plays a cardinal function in the procedure that culminates in legitimate political determinations. Harmonizing to Habermas. institutionalized democratic legislation and judicial reappraisal entirely are deficient to confabulate democratic legitimacy. Entirely with legislative determinations. judicial and administrative determination are merely ensured legitimacy through the normative grounds generated by an un-subverted populace sphere. Otherwise. political determinations are dedicated by the power struggles within the political system and non by citizens themselves who. as the references of the jurisprudence. are the 1s affected. Without robust political populace sphere. there is small cheque on the administrative power that dictates the flow of communicating and power within the political system and the people. Therefore. the populace sphere theory is more fatuously an sphere for speaking political relations. It is the primary site for observing jobs. for bring forthing extremist democratic infuses. and for the deliberation of citizens. all of which are necessary for democratic legitimacy. In the undermentioned. I distinguish the of import normative facets of the informal populace sphere theory. 1. Its communicative and organisational construction 2. The capacities required to run into its deliberate function within a deliberative political relations and 3. The qualified out comes or effects generated by the populace sphere. This last facet will take into the treatment of important function of communicative power.

Assessment Action Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assessment Action Plan - Assignment Example To ensure the success of the Software Upgradation Project, it is important to partner with the best consultants in the Industry that have successfully implemented projects pertaining to migration from old versions of Windows to Windows Vista and from old versions of Word to Word 2007. It is understood that any software will never be 100% complete from the perspective of the Business Requirement Specifications and also the Word 2007 Application will serve as the lifeline of the business post implementation the way the current versions of Word are critical to business. The selected consultant is expected to have a sound track record, an experienced implementation & customization team, and a sound Project Management methodology. In order to assess if the consultants have genuinely worked upon such migration projects in the past, the following shall be verified: The process of verification shall be called the "Desktop Review". Overall such documents and records would be requested for verifications only and then returned back after the convincing exercise is completed. These documents & records are their intellectual properties and hence shall not be retained. The objective is to carry out an in-depth convincing exercise. ... (d) Does the consultant possess adequate documents & records that can be showcased to verify the in-house R&D efforts to build internal expertise and competencies The process of verification shall be called the "Desktop Review". Overall such documents and records would be requested for verifications only and then returned back after the convincing exercise is completed. These documents & records are their intellectual properties and hence shall not be retained. The objective is to carry out an in-depth convincing exercise. In addition to verifying these documents about the consultants, we plan to speak to the customer references provided by the consultants using a questionnaire. The consultants are expected to present a clear plan on what requirements are already mapped with their current competencies/track record and how the rest would be fulfilled. It is important to clearly identify the areas where a feasibility of implementation doesn't exist. The project management team of the consultant is expected to have adequate experience in bringing to table these finer details to enable the internal project committee to verify the acceptance by going back to the business requirement specifications and analyze the impacts on business of the infeasibility of certain requirements which cannot be met by the consultants. Detailed Assessment Action Plan: Before a contract is awarded to the final selected consultant, a number of parameters pertaining to the consultant and their competencies shall be evaluated. It is hereby proposed that the Project Committee would list down all parameters that can influence the decision, assign a weighting to each

Factors Of Selecting A Destination Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Factors Of Selecting A Destination - Coursework Example Issues concerning the safety of tourists are as engrossing as they are profound. Most studies that examine the relationship between tourism, terrorism and political stability likewise yield issues that arise due to war and crime. The inquiry remains, notwithstanding, whether these studies shed sufficient light on the current understanding of how global tourism survives in political violence or terrorism. Without any doubt, â€Å"even its active and valuable economic impact does not shield global tourism from the vile force of terrorism† (Buhalis et al., 2006, p.33). While many natural or human-caused events can altogether effect the growth of tourism, security issues, and political turmoil scare potential tourists. The relationship between tourism and terrorism involves many aspects: possible interventions to curb security risks, effects of terrorism on tourism demand, and motives of targeting certain tourists. The trepidation of unexpected terrorist activities is not new, but rather the attention it has commanded traces back to ten years ago. In recent events, â€Å"the 1991 Persian Gulf War and other related global worldwide terrorism refocused consideration on the subject† (Sà ¶nmez, 1998, p.1). On various occasions, terrorist assaults have been experienced in other parts of the world. These violence activities have pushed the tourism and travel industry to come up with travel paradigm shifts hence making tourism security a fundamental consideration for all tourists. Vital inquiries remain: how do places characterized political difficulties handle the negative image? How does the tourism industry at large deal with the emergence of political turmoil? By what method would governments use to curb terrorism and political instability? Subsequently, this paper endeavors to discuss factors to be considered by tourists while selecting a destination. Politics is a major risk

Sociological Concepts of Stigma and Health Impacts

Sociological Concepts of Stigma and Health Impacts This essay is going to discuss the sociological idea of stigma and its effect on an individual, furthermore this essay will also define other concepts in relation to stigma such as the ‘Hidden Distress Model’. We will also discuss examples of this health illness in order to demonstrate the impact of stigmatization and their ‘Coping Strategies’. Moreover this essay will study how different individuals within society react to people with mental disabilities and other health illness for instance HIV and AIDS and how some individual in society find stigma more fearful than the condition they have been diagnosed in, for example a person who has been in a socially stigmatizing condition may feel discriminated and isolation and pain due to their illness. To address the issue of stigmatization, firstly it’s important to clarify whether or not there is a link between social integration and health. A study carried out by Berkman and Syme (1979) states the extent of individual’s integration within society has a significant effect on their health. In their research they identified two forms of ‘network scores’. They established that those with ‘low network scores’ had a higher mortality rate compared to those that had high ‘network scores’ (Nettleton 2006). Stigma refers to a negatively well-defined condition, attribute, trait or behaviour conferring a deviant status which is socially, culturally or historically not the same. (Gabe et al, 2004). The word stigma was defined by the Greeks, they used the term to refer to the bodily signs a person had this could be cuts or burns. They intended the term to those whom they believed to be socially outsiders such as slaves or criminals, mainly those who were unhygienic or diseased would be avoided by people. (Gabe et al, 2004) Goffman (1963) refers stigma as the difference between the virtual social identity, which is the stereotyped made in everyday life and the real social identity and stigma is the relationship between characteristics and stereotype. This two concepts – ‘Virtual Social Identity’ which is the stereotypes attributes we think we attain and ‘Actual Social Identity’ relates to the attributes an individual actually has. We will pay particular attention to Actual Social Identity, this concept is when a person actually possess the signs of a stigma. Goffman says that ‘stigma is a special kind of relationship between attribute and stereotype’, and therefore people get stigmatized for the reason that their illness is obvious, for instance if a patient is deaf, blind or unable to walk therefore in a wheelchair or uses a hearing aid, in society they are seen as being abnormal because they don’t have the abilities of a normal person and for that reason they are socially undesirable or inferior also Goffman (1963) states ‘people with such ‘abnormalities’ are said to be stigmatized’ (Armstrong, 2003, p.42) . Although some illnesses can be obvious others can be relatively concealed, however they can still feel and ‘experience ‘felt stigma’ because they still see’ themselves to be inferior and they feel they are hiding a discreditable part of their personality from the outside world’ (Scamber and Hopkins, 1986, cited in Armstrong, 2003, p.42). In todays society the term stigma is used to refer to an individual who is culturally unacceptable with any condition, characteristic or behaviour (Gabe et al, 2004). According to Goffman (1968) his ideas added felt and enacted stigma, the former is the feeling that we are being discriminated against and the latter is actually being stigmatised through discrimination. Goffman recognised three types of stigma that he explained as: Stigma of the body, which relates to blemishes or physical deformities; Stigma of character which relates to the mentally ill or criminals, and finally Stigma associated with social factors which can be either racial or tribal throughout different cultures. Goffman goes on to say that his types of stigma can vary differently between social, cultural or historical environments (Goffman 1963, cited in Gabe et al., 2004, p.69). While Goffman mentioned three types of stigma, Scambler mentioned two types of stigma. He combined his ideas in what he calls the ‘Hidden Distress Model’ which had been developed to explain the way in which an individual overcomes felt stigma in order to prevent experiences that play part of stigma. This, Scambler described it to be carried out by ‘Non-Disclosure’ which focuses attention on the fact that individuals would want to keep their condition from others in a hope to hide any information about their health condition and only will ever reveal their condition if it is necessary to do so. (Scambler, 2008). The approach of the ‘Hidden Distress Model’ explains the reasons of the concealment of a condition, it is that because of the fear of associated stigma, moreover felt stigma is very easily seen so that one can avoid the occurrence of enacted stigma. Experiencing strong felt stigma could lead to higher stress which then leads to putting the patient harder circumstances in order to control their illness, which later on makes their illness worse over time due to the energy released through the concealment of their condition. Moreover in relation to this Scambler (2008) states â€Å"Paradoxically, felt stigma is more disruptive of people’s lives and well-being than enacted stigma † he also says that felt stigma tends to increase the anxiety levels of an individual more so that enacted stigma. To apply these concepts in real life circumstances, we will present how the avoidance of enacted stigma through felt stigma can worsen risks of various health issues ultimately deteriorating their health condition. Research study carried out on HIV and AIDS, has shown that people with such stigma are only known to their doctors and many chose not to kept it a secret and to disclose this information because of the way society thinks of AIDS and HIV. Patient might decide to avoid routine checks or treatment in the hope that they will not experience enacted stigma from others, for instance when they are entering or exiting the sexual health clinic or attending local HIV screening tests because of the stigmatising assumptions that are related to HIV /AIDS such as being gay or heavy drug user (Lubkin and Larson, 2012). Additional example can be seen with women who is avoiding screening for the sexually transmitted disease called HIV and AIDS for the fear of other people acting unreasonabl y towards them because they feel that they will be judged against behaviour associated with a lot of sexual partners. (Lubkin and Larson, 2012). And because this is associated with the person fearful of being treated different or labelled. People may not always seek medical help for their stigma conditions because of their fears of being faced with enacted stigma, however Zola (1973 has looked in to the timing of when individuals may decide to seek medical help, and in he discovered that majority of the people wait and put up with their symptoms for a while before they actually choose to seek medical assistance. Research study carried out on HIV and AIDS, has shown that people with such stigma are only known to their doctors and many chose not to kept it a secret and to disclose this information because of the way society thinks of AIDS and HIV. As mentioned above avoidance of sexual health screening can lead to worsening health problems, a person with the health illnesses mentioned above could have life threatening diseases for the individual if he or she continue to express the ideas of the hidden distress model. There are many studies that prove that is stigma is based on social concept. This study suggests that stigma is more about social concept rather than a characteristic of an individual. Parker and Aggleton (2003) ‘point out, processes of stigmatization remain part and parcel of processes of power, domination and discrimination; what becomes stigmatized is bound up with usual norms and values. Therefore it is socialized, not an individual, concepts (Nettleton, 2006, p.96). Therefore this study says felt stigma is more powerful than any accrual episodes of enacted stigma and for that reason it makes people more stigmatized. Moving on to the concept of ‘Coping Strategies’ has been formed to explain the ways in which an individual copes with the effects of an illness. The term ‘coping’ refers to the â€Å"Cognitive processes whereby an individual learns to tolerate illness† and strategy relates to the actions people take in the face of illness (Bury 1991 cited in Nettleton 2006). The term coping is used to maintain the feeling of self-worth and a sense of belief during an illness (Gerhardt 1989 cited in Bury 1991). The thought of normalisation can be used in ‘coping’ with an illness; this can be expressed in two with in the ‘Coping Strategies’. The first is to supress any negativity related to the illness so that the person can maintain their own personal identity which they held prior to their diagnosis; the second is to look at normalisation in terms of treatment where the treatment routine should not be remote place so that the individual can integrate with other people and not be isolated (Kellecher 1988, cited in Bury 1991). Bury (1991) This further explains that it is the values of the individual that can determine how others respond to them in regards to their illness. The model of ‘strategy’ is the actions that are taken in order to ‘maximise favourable outcomes’. (Bury, 1991). Moreover how a person responds to health illness experience regarding their condition does determine the extent to which they perform their strategies, the more negative experience they have can develop greater awareness in their everyday lives so as to escape or reduce the experience of enacted stigma. The controlling of illness through the use of strategies can differ from the influence of social settings to the forms that are developed in order to deter any focus to the condition as well as achieving set goals so that they can maintain their own sense of value and their belief of what their everyday life requires. Goffman (1963) states that the way in which an individual copes with a stigmatising condition differs depending on the actual type of condition, he has specified two terms in relation to this – ‘discredited’ and ‘discreditable’; the first one is regarding an individual whose condition is widely known and the second refers to those whose condition is concealed. It’s described that those who have a discredited condition will find it harder to manage their stigma. There are three different ways in which an individual can cope their own stigmatising condition the first is ‘Passing’ this is where one would try to fit in to the society as ‘normal’ usually the stigmatised individuals would constantly try to conceal their condition because they do not want anyone else to know if their illness; and for those with felt stigma are more likely to choose the passing approach for instance an individual with hard of hearing condition may decide to not use the hearing aid so that they can ‘fit in’ more with the society (Lubkin and Larson, 2012; Armstrong, 2003). The second one is ‘Covering’ this refers to an individual with a discrediting attribute where they will try their utmost to conceal the significance of their stigmatising condition. (Goffman, 1963; Armstrong, 2003), in this situation the individual would try and take off the focus from his or her condition in order to avoid the experience of enacted stigma, the process could be amusing towards the situation which would reassure a less tense atmosphere making it to be more easy to manage (Lubkin and Larson, 2012). Stigma is the result of a reaction expressed through the society that ultimately spoils identity of unacceptable norms that affect the stigmatised individual in a negative way. (Gabe et al, 2004). Nettleton (2006) states â€Å"Stigma is not an attribute of individuals, but is rather a thoroughly social concept which is generated, sustained and reproduced in the context of social inequalities.† Some people are stigmatised because the part of the individual that is different is considered to be self-inflicted and in the ‘normal’ people’s eyes they are less worthy of help (Lubkin and Larson, 2012) Parsons (1951) describes illness as a deviance form the norm and he also perceives illness as capable of cracking the social structure as the sick are unable to accomplish their social role within society. It can be expected that when an individual is sick they respond on the reaction of others, while society responds depending on the nature of the illness. (Lemert, 1967) suggests that there is three stages of deviance and he identifies these as primary deviance, which is related to an actual defined of a state or behaviour, and he claims that inside the law an action that was seen to be normal can become illegal or deviant, moreover secondary deviance refers to ‘the changes in behaviour that occur as a consequence of labelling’, for instance the stress of being discriminated and stereotyped can make an individual’s behaviour change over time. And the last stage is Tertiary deviance, which is the stigmatised individual’s reaction to the stigma from others l eads to master status, for example categorising and stereotyping dominate individuals behaviours. Scambler (2008) mentions that social factors is a major factor, which has impact people’s behaviour when they faced with what they recognize and recognise to be danger to their health and well-being. Freidson (1970) draws ‘societal reaction’ (Nettleton, 2006, p.73) furthermore he argues that there is three types of legitimacy. The first legitimacy is the ‘cases where it is achievable for a person to recover from illness, so they can get treatment for their condition, in addition their access to the sick role is conditional, the second is the incurable condition and their access to the sick role must be unconditionally, due to the fact that person might not get well and the last one is the illness being stigmatized by others and access to the sick role is to be treated as illegitimate (Nettleton, 2006, p.73). According to Reidpath (2005) ‘ the fear of being stigmatized and subjected to discrimination many case some people to avoid or delay seeking medical help’ and this is because of fear, that people with stigmatized conditions feel socially isolated and often rejected moreover they are alienated in the society. For several stigmatized individuals, in order to to feel normal or socially accepted in the society they might join a talk group to form their own communities in order to meet people with similar issues (Armstrong, 2003). Many stigmatized people use copying mechanism in order to cope with their conditions and according to Goffman (1963) ‘a person with a stigmatizing condition could pursue several copying strategies that were largely based on the salience of the stigma he or her carried. Scamber and Hopkins (1986), cited in Scamber, 2008, p.210, they described individuals ‘fearing discrimination, tend to conceal their epilepsy each time possible Certain ways they appear as normal included covering up their illness, a person with discrediting behaviour has no opportunity to go about it as normal but can still try to reduce the signs of his or her stigma and alternative way of passing as normal is managing expectations. This will l will lead the person to withdrawing from society and their social life, in order to avoid embarrassment and shame. An example people with conditions such as epilepsy, or HIV/Aids are able to hide away their condition when out in community, from partners, family and friends but they still do end up feel some kind of felt stigma due to them hiding some parts of their characters, nevertheless the individual way of avoiding social response to their illness and this is an case of passing as normal, concealing and managing expectations. Peop le with stigma also get labelled unpleasant names such as handicap because they are being judged on their appearance and the abnormality they lack. Conclusion To conclude this essay, we agree with the idea of that felt stigma being more powerful than enacted stigma because individuals are more fearful of being stigmatized then the actually illness itself. This statement showed to be true by research studies that have been carried out this these areas. In this essay we have seen that before individuals are diagnosed with illness they prefer to hide from their illness and ignore their symptoms and refuse to seek medical attention they require also individuals develop fear of their community and the society because of their health condition, likewise they fear their family, friends look and treating them differently. We have also looked into in to some research on stigma, we recognise why people are more fearful about the health condition than the illness because in society we tend to judge and isolate individuals on how they appear to look, before we even personally know them, for instance people in a with wheelchair we label them disabled. As Scrambler and Hopkins 1989, says that people with stigmatized illnesses are essentially outcasts and this is because they are socially rejected from society, due to their signs or symptoms and we see them as inferior. Nettleton (2006) suggests that illness reminds us that the normal functioning of our minds and is important to social action and relations with others, and this an significant fact and part of the reason proves why people are more fearful about their condition because they believe that people will be looking at them differently, judging and discriminating against them before it even happens. In addition to that we think people with serious he alth condition sexually transmitted diseases for instance HIV and AIDS should not tell their condition to others, for their own protection because some people have strong views and opinion on these conditions and these condition are associated with having many sexual partners and unhygienic. Scheff (1966) suggests that mental illness is a product of society’s opinions and reaction to the individual’s illness, we do believe that society’s has developed ways of just labelling people with all sort of illnesses especially people who are mentally ill and they are labelled as crazy and therefore they are treated different to others and stigmatized. References Armstrong, D. (2003) Outline of Sociology as Applied to Medicine 5thed. London: Arnold Publishers Berkman, L. Syme, S. (1979) Social Networks, host resistance and mortality: a nine year follow up of Alameda County Residents. American Journal of Epidemiology 109 (2) pp. 186-204 Calnan, M. (1987) Health and illness. London: Tavistock Bury, M. (2005) Health and illness. Cambridge : Polity Press Bury, M, R. (1991) The Sociology of Chronic Illness: A Review of Research and Prospects’, Sociology of Health and Illness 13 (4) pp. 451-468 Gabe, J. Bury, M. Elston, A, M. (2004) Stigma, Key Concepts in Medical Sociology. London: Sage Publications pp. 68-69 Goffman, E. (1963) Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon Schuster Lubkin, M, I. Larson, D, P. (2012) Chronic Illness: Impact and Intervention Eighth Edition. Burlington: Jones and Bartlett Learning. Nettleton, S. (2006) The Sociology of Health and Illness. Cambridge: Polity Press. Scambler, G. (2008) Sociology as Applied to Medicine (eds.). Elsevier Limited.

Age Of Technology Essay

We are certainly in the age of technology, but with all technology that is available, where does the line of privacy lie? More and more technical gadgets are being tested and manufactured for the convenience of individuals to enjoy them in the privacy of their own homes. Also, any business or public place you visit with most likely be ran by the aid of some sort of technical gadget. Society has become so used to this, no one really questions when personal information is asked to be shared to a complete stranger and typed or scanned into a piece of technology. Who knows where all of this information is going? With emails, cell phones, and google, it’s virtually impossible NOT to get someone’s personal information. Emails are something that’s getting sent on a daily basis all day every day. With having to set up email accounts, which ask for your social security numbers are basically your fingerprint, is an open door for people to find out any information they want to about you. Typically, some companies use company email addresses for memos that need to get to employees or company executives or any personal emails that need to be shared. With company emails come company email policies that will explain why the emails were provided and what is not acceptable content to pass through email. In the Michael A. Smyth v. The Pillsbury Company case, Mr. Smith and another employee were terminated for exchanging emails that made threats to sales managers and made rude comments about certain company events. Mr. Smith sued the Pillsbury Company for violating public policy by committing a tort known as â€Å"invasion of privacy†. In the policy, Pillsbury stated that all employee emails were going to remain confidential and privileged including plaintiff. On these grounds, Smith thought he had a case against the Pillsbury Company, but as the defendant (Pillsbury) pointed out, the company wants to keep their employees safe so the frequent email checks to ensure that nothing illegal or disrespectful is being sent to any member of the company employees that utilize the email provided by the company. To Pillsbury this was a liable enough reason and invasion of privacy was not relevant. To me, this goes along with other popular gadgets and social networks such as smartphones, Facebook, and Google. All of these are intertwined because they all are things that society virtually live off of but it can give you the birth place of any human being if you just knew a few simple things. With Smartphones you can surf the web, sign your phone onto any email account (where your social security number is ALWAYS need), and satellite waves called Wi-Fi or Wireless Local Area Network. Wi-Fi can pick up anyone’s smartphone and or computer and can receive the carrier’s information like telephone numbers or even where this individual lives! This could probably be a disadvantage or an advantage depending on the situation. If I was lost, say for instance, if I used a smartphone, my actions could be traced and I could possibly be found. On the other hand, if I was trying to stay away from someone, they could use Wi-Fi or internet to track me and see where my last location was. With Google and Facebook these are things I feel are inevitable. If you have ever paid a bill online, signed up for anything, or searched for something via web, your personal information is already out there for the grabbing! Billions and billions people use Google and Facebook on a daily basis. If you have signed up for facebook and you have conceived a Facebook page, you can be googled! The USA Patriot Act that stands for, Uniting (and) Strengthening America (by) Providing Appropriate Tools Required (to) Intercept (and) Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. This Act was enforced and signed by President Bush after the September 11th disaster. A four year extension of the Act was also signed via autopen by President Obama which gave protection to government officials when roving wiretaps, business records, and other personal information that could possibly help government relations in the long run. I personally agree with the law. We are in the world of electronics and technology. Everything we own, every business we run or visit, and every website we search is tracking us. If a serial Facebook rapist was out to get me, by him sending me an inbox message on Facebook or even being my friend on Facebook, he could easily be tracked down through those just seemingly small thing. There are other things like ancestors.com that could help you finish the missing piece of your family tree. Even though privacy is a big part of being an individual, you have to be mindful of the things you do when it comes to the internet and technology. There are certain ways for you to maintain individual privacy such as not putting your phone on speaker or using headphones when you listen to music. The law doesn’t prohibit the right to conversation but when the conversation is done through texting, if it gets leaked, who’s at fault? It’s your right to have a cell phone but is it the other person you text their right to repeat it? When the send button was pressed you gave up your right to the confidentiality of that conversation. So to me, it’s just life. I try to keep what I can to myself but once I cross that line of â€Å"internet service† I give up a little piece of privacy with every search, download, or sign up.

The concept of elasticity is defined as the percentage

The convex shape of the production possibility boundary is derived from the principle of opportunity cost. The production possibility boundary defines the maximum production potential of an economy given its resource and technology constraints.The opportunity cost is defined as loss of economic value that could have been gained if resources had been invested in an alternative. Therefore, the opportunity cost is an integral component of the production possibility boundary in terms of how much of one product can be produced given its opportunity cost.The convex shape of the production possibility boundary means that as the economy produces more of one good, its opportunity cost rises. As a result, fewer quantities of that good can be produced. In other words, more of the other good have to be sacrificed.This is because, as a result of being driven by resource and technology constraints, the economy is in the optimum position of producing a certain quantity of each category of goods. Be yond that point, the opportunity cost of producing one good instead of another continues to rise as it requires increasing resource and technology investments.